Joshua 14:1-5 speak of the allocation of the tribal inheritances west of the river Jordan. Verses 6-15 deal with the request and allotting to Caleb, the great man of faith who wholly believed and wholeheartedly trusted Yahweh his God together with Joshua. Caleb was not a natural born Israelite. He was a Kennite and from a tribal group who faithfully chose to journey to the Promised Land with the people of the LORD that they too might share Yahweh's blessings for His people. Caleb at 85 years old is as vigorous and eager as he was at 40 years of age. Then, as at this time, Caleb trusted in the help of the Almighty to go and take Hebron, meaning fellowship. This city was the place where the patriarchal family settled in the land and sojourned in faith with their God. That city had belonged to the greatest giant of the Anakim - Arba. Caleb stands in contrast to his fearful brethren who cowered at the thought of fighting against the giants of Canaan.
Isaiah chapters 19-20 contain prophecies concerning Egypt. Isaiah 19:1-4 tell of the time that nears when the Almighty's hand of judgment will be felt by the Egyptians. The LORD says that He will put them under a fierce overlord. I believe that this will be the time spoken of in
Daniel 11:40-43. This said Daniel would be at the time of the end when the Northern confederacy of nations will invade the Middle East. Verses 5-10 describe the predicament of the Egyptian industries particularly for the fishermen of the Nile whose harvest has been destroyed by the construction of the Aswan dam in lower Egypt. Verses 11-15 lament the bringing low of the once great superpower of the Middle East. Verses 16-25 outline a time of blessing for Egypt together with two of the former superpowers of that region - Assyria and Egypt. And although these 3 nations will be blessed in Messiah's kingdom Israel's status as the covenant people of the Lord God Almighty make her the head of the nations as the prophet Zechariah tells us in chapter 8:20-23. Isaiah 19:23 tells us that there will be in Israel a place of worship to the Living God whose Son rules from Jerusalem.
The epistle of Titus was written between Paul's first imprisonment spoken of in 1 Timothy and his final imprisonment and execution anticipated in 2 Timothy 4. The three chapters contain wonderful information about individual lives in the service of Christ.The letter appears to be written after Paul's release from the first Roman imprisonment, when he was under house arrest for two years as Acts 28 records. After this conditions for believers in Christ became far worse, as Nero blamed them for the great fire in Rome. 2 Timothy outlines some of the consequences of this with Paul being arrested at Ephesus and accused of being the ring leader of the 'christians' and therefore the prime instigator of the fire. Paul had following his house arrest in Rome and prior to the great fire been released and undertaken a fifth missionary journey. Paul journeyed with Titus to Crete to establish the ecclesias. This journey left the task of organising those ecclesias so the Apostle Paul left Titus at Crete for this. The book of Titus starts with the qualifications that should apply to an elder of the believers. These elders were to be faithful and experienced brothers. Verse 9 tells us that some of the elders were also overseers. Verses 10-11 of chapter 1 tells of the insubordination of many of the Cretians. The gluttony, idleness and falseness of these islanders was legendary in the Roman world. Paul ironically speaks of the Cretian paradox that their poet, Epimenides, spoke claiming all Cretians liars, and yet in this he himself a Cretian was telling the truth. Paul tells Titus to firmly rebuke the Cretians as their behaviour was unacceptable in any follower of Christ. The first chapter concludes by telling us that the pure in mind must not have their words and actions tainted by double standards - likewise those who are double minded corrupt others said the Apostle. Chapter 2 commences with instructions to young men, such as Titus (v1); older men (v2); older sisters (Vv3-5) - including that they were teaching the younger women in both word and, even more importantly, by example (cp 1 Corinthians 11 verses 1). In verses 6-8 he tells the young men that they are to be shining examples of followers of Christ. Slaves, who comprised two thirds of the Roman world, are told in verses 10-11 that by honesty and diligence they prove that they are believers and, by such behaviour, they enhanced the reputation of true disciples. There is an emphasis in the letter on the letter on "soundness" (literally, not only being healthy, but more so that which promotes and imparts health). How meaningful is this given that the name Titus signifies "nurse". The book reminds us of little things, many of which are important. Don't forget the little things, which demonstrate tender care for fellow saints. We could do no better than to fix our minds and meditate on our sober responsibility to live expectantly of our Master's return as Titus 2 verses 11-14 urges us. Read aloud, pause and Titus was a convert of Paul. Paul calls him "my true child in our common fath", as he likewise calls Timothy. Some suggest, with good reason that Titus may have been the brother of Luke the beloved physician. Titus' full name was perhaps Titus Justus. Paul leaves Titus in Crete to establish and solidify the Cretian ecclesias; of which one historian says that there may have been a hundred, or more. The three chapters contain outstanding information about individual lives in the service of Christ.The letter appears to have be written after Paul's release from 2 years house arrest at the end of Acts 28. After this conditions for Christians become far worse, as Nero blamed them for the great fire in Rome. 2 Timothy outlines some of the consequences of this with Paul being arrested at Ephesus and accused of being the ring leader of the christians and therefore the prime instigator of the fire. The Apostle seems to have undertaken a fifth missionary journey. In the course of this journey he and Titus have visited Crete to establish ecclesias, perhaps more than a hundred. This journey left the task of organising those ecclesias and the Apostle Paul leaves Titus on the island to do this. So the book starts with the qualifications required to be an elder of the believers. These elders were to be faithful and experienced brothers. Verse 9 tells us that some of the elders were also overseers - elders refers to the body of men appointed to direct the ecclesia; whereas overseer speaks of a specific function that some of these elders had. Verses 10-11 of chapter 1 tell of the insubordination of many of the Cretians. Their gluttony, idleness and falseness are legendary in the Roman world. Paul ironically speaks of the Cretian paradox spoken by their poet Epiminedes, who claims all Cretians are liars, and yet in this he was a Cretian telling the truth. Paul asks Titus to firmly rebuke those who practise these behaviours. Such are unacceptable among any follower of Christ. The first chapter concludes by telling us that the pure in mind don't have their words and actions tainted by double standards - likewise those who are double minded corrupt all. Chapter 2 commences with instructions to the young men, such as Titus (v1); older men (v2); older sisters (Vv3-5) - this includes what they are teaching to the younger women both by word and, even more importantly, by example (cp 1 Corinthians 11:1). In verses 6-8 he tells the young men that they are to be shining examples of followers of Christ. Slaves, who comprised two thirds of the Roman world, are told (V11-12) that by honesty and diligence they prove that they are believers and, by such behaviour, they enhance the reputation of true Christians. There is an emphasis in the letter on "soundness" (literally, not only being healthy, but more so that which promotes and imparts health). How meaningful is this given that the name Titus signifies "nurse". The book reminds us of little things, many of which are important. Don't forget the little things, which demonstrate tender care for fellow saints. We could do no better than to fix our minds and meditate on our sober responsibility to live expectantly of our Master's return as the book of Titus 2 verses 11-14 urges us. Read aloud, pause and ponder. Chapter 3 tells of the incredible power of the Word of God to purify our lives; and to ultimately save us when our Lord Jesus Christ comes to bring the kingdom of our Sovereign to the earth. All believers are reminded of the need for submission to God appointed order and authority. We show love and tolerance to all in recognising that this is what our God has done for us. The fifth of the faithful sayings occurs in chapter 3 verse 8, "Those who have believed God must be careful to be forward (Greek word indicates a proud store holder, who proudly stands in front of his/her quality produce) in good works". Pause and ponder.
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Joshua 17 covers the allotment of land to the tribe of Manasseh. Joseph was Israel's favourite son and the one that always delighted his father, like our Lord Jesus Christ did those things that pleased His Father. To Joseph, although he was not the firstborn son, was given the blessing and double portion as if he were in fact the firstborn. So too of our Lord Jesus - Psalm 89:27-29. And so Israel blessed the sons of Joseph - Ephraim and Manasseh - and gave them a double allotted portion in the Promised Land. So two Christ's children - Jew and Gentile - will inherit the earth
Romans 4:13; Hebrews 2verses 10-13. So after Joshua chapter 16 spoke of Ephraim's inheritance it is appropriate that chapter 17 tells of Manasseh's tribal allocation. Chapter 17 says that the numerous descendants of Manasseh receive land on either side of the river Jordan. The inheritances are described here. The chapter also tells us about the way in which the daughters of Zelophehad are likewise qualified to inherit along with male heirs. Like the two previous chapters of Joshua this one too has a disturbing ending with verses 12-18 speaking of Manasseh's failure to carry out the command of the LORD in destroying the Canaanites.
Isaiah 23 is a prophecy about Tyre and Sidon. Tyre was the chief city of the Phoenician kingdom and closely allied with her sister city Sidon. These were settled by the Hittites who came from a powerful civilisation of the Hath-hi in Turkey. In the zenith of their power this kingdom rivalled the Egyptians and the Assyrians. The Phoenician's were the greatest maritime nation of that time sending their navies as far as the Tarshish of the west - Great Britain. Verse 3 says that Tyre was the merchant navy of the world. Verse 6 explains how the mantle of maritime supremacy was relocated from Tyre to Great Britain who in the history of the last few hundred years has ruled the seas. Verses 11-14 speaks of the loss of naval greatness would be taken from her by the LORD in modern times. Tarshish. Verses 15-18 says that there would be a revitalisation of Tarshish's powers after a 70 year epoch - the time of one monarch. We today are witnessing Great Britain reestablishing her old trading patterns with those nations of her commonwealth. This is at the close of the reign of Elizabeth 2 after a rule of seventy years.
Hebrews 3 and 4 bring us to the next section of the book. Christ is greater than Moses; and greater than Joshua. Neither of these great, divinely appointed men could bring faithful believers into the Promised Land; neither of them could bring them into the rest promised in Messiah's kingdom. Verses 1-5 of chapter 3 say that, despite Moses' greatness (he was the greatest man living in his era - Numbers 12 verses 1-7) he was, still after all, only "a servant in God's house". What a contrast to our Lord Jesus Christ, who is as God's Son the builder of the house (indeed, the builder of ALL things) and the heir, therefore, of the universe. And we, as part of that house, have an eternal inheritance providing we are, like Moses, faithful servants on that house. Chapter 3 verses 7-4 verses 13 explain that, "there is a rest that remains for the people of God". Chapter 3 verses 7-11 are a word for word quotation from Psalm 95 verses 8-11. The incident being referred to is found in Exodus 17 verses 1-7 at a place called both Massah and Meribah. It was the place where Israel strove contentiously with God. The place where Moses strikes the rock upon God's command and out gushed water, as a river that follows Israel during their wandering in the wilderness for the greater part of 40 years. Then the water stops and Israel again grumble and ask if God is among them. Moses, out of frustration, for the second time strikes the rock ie almost 40 years after the first time. Moses claims glory for bringing water from the rock (1 Corinthians 10 tells us that rock was Christ). The place is renamed "temptation",or in the Hebrew "Meribah" hence the references in Exodus 17; Psalm 95; Psalm 78 verses :20-22, 41; Hebrews10 verses 26-29. The two incidents 40 years apart serve as a summary of the nation's attitude during their wanderings. The great lesson for Israel, and for us, is that, although God showed patience, it is limited to while "Today" still exists. Indeed even after Joshua (Greek "Jesus") brings the nation into the Promised Land, ie the very Land that Moses is forbidden entry, because he struck the rock on the 2nd occasion; neither Moses, or Joshua could give them the kingdom rest. That task remains for a greater "Joshua", ie Jesus (the Greek form of the Hebrew Joshua) who will give faithful believers a thousand years (Millennial) rest (Greek "the keeping of a sabbath rest" ie on the Biblical principle of a day for a thousand years see 2 Peter 3 verses 8-9). The writer says we need to keep working now that God may grant you that rest. How powerful and inspiring are the words from verse 12, "God's Word is living and energetic; and is discerning of our thoughts and intentions". It can, if we let it, separate us from what is sensual and fleshly; and it can direct us into the paths of God. Chapter 4 verses 16 to chapter 5 verses 10 introduces us to our great High Priest - the Lord Jesus Christ. In chapter 4 verses 16-18 Jesus, because of his righteous life, has passed through the heavens. And like us, Jesus has been tested in all respects just as we have been (1 John 2 verses 15-17). Yet unlike us he has never sinned. But in his suffering through trials he understands and sympathises with our temptations; and is able to aid us (as our intercessor) in the needy times of our lives. Chapter 5 verses 1-10 both compares our Lord Jesus Christ with Aaron; and also shows Christ to be superior to Aaron in every respect of his priesthood. Chapter 5 verses 11 to chapter 6:12 warns against apostasy. Chapter 5 verses 11-14 makes an appeal for the Hebrew readers to open their dull ears, so that they might respond to God's Word. These readers who have been in the Truth for many years were as though they needed the milk of God's Word once more; and had failed to progress to meat (which should happen naturally as we grow). The listeners needed to be strengthened to practise righteousness (Greek word for "exercised" AV is "to train in the gymnasium".
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Joshua 16 outlines the inheritance of the tribe of Ephraim. This was Joshua's own tribe and it is significant that the faithful leader, who was the only other spy to completely trust in the Living God. Joshua together with Caleb courageously stood against the rebellious congregation of Israel. Sadly this tribe fell away from the values of Joshua in the long era when judges ruled the nation of Israel and were known for their great pride. At the division of the kingdom in the time of Rehoboam and his servant Jeroboam. Ten tribes went with Jeroboam and formed the northern kingdom of Ephraim ie Israel. Verses 1-9 describe the boundaries and territory allocated to Ephraim. The last verse of the chapter closes on a disturbing note, similarly to that in chapter 15. It tells of Ephraim failure to destroy the Canaanites.
Isaiah 22:1-11 tell of the failures of the leaders of Judah and their terrible behaviours for which the nation's Almighty Sovereign would bring His judgments on them. Despite the sufferings of His people they did not turn to their God. The Assyrian siege brought great suffering for Judah. Verse 11 explains that the LORD had formed Jerusalem He had sculpted the geography for the protection and deliverance of Judah. The water course that would be brought from outside the city to provide an abundance of fresh water during the siege of Jerusalem. Verses 12-14 speaks of the different attitudes to the seemingly imminent destruction of the residents of Jerusalem. Some sought help from neighbouring kingdoms; others sought to abandon all hope and give themselves up to pleasure; a few, such as the faithful remnant, trusted that their Sovereign would save them. Verse 13 is quoted by the Apostle Paul to describe what may well be the attitude of non believers at the time of the resurrection. If there is no resurrection believers might as well embrace death -
1 Corinthians 15:29-32.
Verses 15-19 the Omnipotent Creator tells of His humbling of the haughty chief scribe, Shebna. This rich and faithless officer had sought praise and prominence had hewn out for himself an impressive tomb. Archeologists have recently discovered the seal of Shebna establishing the truth and historicity of the Bible. As part of the divine discrediting of Shebna was the transfer of the role of governor to God's faithful servant Eliakim - meaning established by Yahweh. Eliakim is a type of our Lord Jesus Christ who will receive the keys of government in the receiving of the key of office - the key to the city. Compare verses 21-25 with Isaiah 9:6-9 and the keys of the saving gospel promised to Peter by our Lord in Matthew 16:17-19. Again we are reminded of the attention of our Lord to the small vessels (which we may well be) as well as the great.
The letter to the Hebrews is the only book in the Bible, whose human pen person is unknown. Of course all 66 books are given from God as He breathed His thoughts into Holy Writ (Scripture). Hebrews makes this clear from the outset. There are good reasons for the human scribe's identity remaining hidden. The time of writing is
65-66 AD. Some believe that the author is Priscilla (the wife of Aquila); others argue that its style and content are of the great Apostle Paul. But if the author was known to be Paul, or a close associate of his, some of the message may have lost its appeal to the readers. The message is for believers to flee Jerusalem before its destruction. The listeners needed convincing that the way of Christ is "better" than the way of those bound by the Law. Another dominant theme is, as John Carter points out in his book "The Letter to the Hebrews" - what he calls watchwords of resolution, "Let us ...". Slowly read aloud verses 1-4; pause and ponder. The book is about God; His revelation to believers of every age through diverse means, but culminating in His being revealed in His incomparable Son. Those verses tell us that Jesus, God's Son, is "the express image" of his Father - the Greek word is "character" and it means the impress of a king's seal in wax - the exact likeness; so that Jesus could say to Philip in John 14:9 that, "whoever has seen me has seen the Father". God's character was seen in a man, His Son (see John 1:14-18). Verses 5-14 provide 7 quotes from the Old Testament which demonstrate the Lord Jesus Christ's superiority to the angels. Chapter 2 continues the theme of "how much better Christ is than the angels. The first four verses teach us to diligently heed the warnings lest we 'drift away' from the salvation that is in Christ Jesus. The Greek words in the metaphor speak of a boat breaking loose from its moorings and slipping away. Verses 5-18 reveal Jesus' great work and of the necessity that in every respect Jesus be of the human race and that our Lord fully share in all the temptations common to our human condition (nature). The ESV entitles this section, "The Founder of Salvation". The writer commences it with a quote from Psalm 8 written by David when God has given him victory over his foe - the Philistine giant Goliath. That our God concerns Himself with us insignificant creatures is amazing. God's instrument in securing victory over sin and death is through a frail, but Divinely strengthened son of Adam - Jesus. The writer reveals that the chosen method of the Father is to open a gracious door offering grace and mercy through the forgiveness of sins and mercy, leading to the opportunity to receive eternal life("aionian Zoe" age-abiding) through the outworking of God's power to overcome sin in human flesh. Note that GRACE (unmerited favour), by the forbearance of God, is a primary dynamic factor in God's salvation and a great motivation to His children. These details are seen particularly, in the letters of Romans, Galatians and Hebrews. Verses 10-13, of Hebrews 2, explains the fitness of God's chosen solution and the bond that this creates between our Saviour and those being saved. Our Lord Jesus Christ was one with us ie the descendants of Adam in so far as his natural condition. So, according to Scripture, he is our brother. Nonetheless, he is to be revered as a father since through his suffering of hardship and travail we become his begotten children. Paul to prove this quotes Psalm 22 and Isaiah 8. In verses 14-15 the writer proves this by using language which demonstrates by means of voluminous repetition ideas showing how vital it was that Jesus' nature was in all respects as ours. By this means the devil (Greek "diaballos") was destroyed in his sinless life, and through death eradicated for ever for Jesus. And forgiveness is established as the basis for God to ultimately do the same in each repentant believer, in prospect now and in actuality, when the Lord Jesus Christ comes in his kingdom. Verse 16 in the ESV translation points out that he did not aid angels - for they are already immortal - but the death stricken and needy "seed of Abraham" are the beneficiaries of salvation's work. And so, verses 17-18 tell us that this qualifies Jesus as a high priest competent to understand and support each of us in our struggles against sin.
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Joshua 15 describes the first allotment of land on the western side of the river Jordan. Why was the first allocation of the Promised Land on that side of the river? Possibly because from this tribe was to come the Messiah our Lord Jesus Christ - Genesis 49:8-12. The word 'Jew' as a descriptor of the 'Jewish' people is a contraction of the Hebrew word for Judah. The name Judah means "praise to Yahweh" (Israel's God). The Apostle Paul comments on this in his letter: Romans 2:28-29. The fifteenth chapter of Joshua tells us of this tribe's inheritance and includes the city of Jerusalem, which was to be the capital city of the divided kingdom at the time of king David's grandson. Joshua 15:13-17 tell of faithful Caleb's declaration about whoever conquers Debir, meaning 'the fortress' (and remember that this is a fortress of giants) will be given Caleb's daughter as a wife. What man in his right mind would want to attack and get inside the walls of a town of giants? Such was the faith and trust of Caleb and those who were encouraged by him. However the last verse tells us that Jebus ie Jerusalem remained unconquered. The conquest was to come only in the days of king David.
Isaiah 20 speaks of the prophet living out a sign, or parable that relates to Egypt and Cush. Isaiah was to walk barefooted and stripped of his outer garments for THREE YEARS as a sign to those kingdoms indicating that Yahweh was to bring these two nations into captivity at the hand of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon. What faith and endurance the prophet shows in enacting this parable for THREE YEARS.
Isaiah 21 speaks of the fall of Babylon. Verse 2 tells of two of the principal nations that fought together for the overthrow of the oppressive golden city of Babylon.
Verses 5-6 describe the drunken feast of Belshazzar told of in Daniel 4 on the night in which the city fell to the Medes and Persians. Verses 6-8 describe men trying to whisk away Babylonian nobles in chariots pulled by men in the panic and confusion as the enemy enter the city. Verse 9 is a prophetic utterance that is picked up at the end of Jeremiah and also in Revelation 18:2-3. Verses 11-12 give a prophecy relating to an Arabian nation of Dumah. Verses 13-15 tell of nomadic southern Arabs giving water to thirsty Israelites fleeing the Russian invasion at the time of Armageddon. Verses 16-17 tell of imminent judgment being brought by the LORD upon an Arabic nation known as Kedar.
In the final segment In the final segment of our Bible readings we are introduced a picture of ourself - Onesimus, a profligate runaway slave, who in Rome is liberated from his wasteful state to become a brother in Christ. The key words in this letter are related to BOWELS. Paul is demonstrating his love for God, His Son, His Word, His truth, and for Philemon and his family and the ecclesia, as well as for Onesimus. The Apostle is demonstrating to Philemon that, we must not only know and live the truth, we must love it, and God and His Son and His Word, His truth, His ecclesia, His family: we must be emotionally involved and committed. Paul sends Onesimus back to his master, as a fellow believer in Christ carrying this letter and the epistle to the Colossians. Onesimus is formerly described as being "unprofitable", which is our condition before we believed the gospel and received forgiveness. But now he has learnt to abound in his grateful realisation of his elevated status see Ephesians 2:1-12. The Apostle Paul had taught Philemon the truth of the gospel. He speaks of Philemon's debt to God in the forgiveness which he has been given. Therefore Philemon ought to show the same forgiveness to his fellow believer - even though Onesimus was his slave. The Apostle Paul is confident that Philemon will comply with the Apostle's request. Final greetings are conveyed through Epaphras, who carries the letter to Philemon.
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Joshua 13 verses 1-7 describes the land that was still to be conquered now that Joshua is old. The first seven verses outline the territories still unconquered on the east of the river Jordan. These lands are the coastal plain of the Philistines in the south western corner of the land. Also in the north west the coastal areas of Lebanon and the territory of the Zidonians. Verses 8-32 the territories to the east of Jordan that had been subjugated when Moses had brought the tribes to the border of Canaan. These lands included Gilead in the north extending as far as Mount Hermon (with the exception of Geshur and Maacath. Verses 14 and 33 tell us that the Levites were not allocated land as "Yahweh is their inheritance". Other allotted lands east of the Jordan included the valley lands on the edge of the river Arnon; the hill country of Kiriathaim (Kirjath-jearim), and Peor where the nation of Israel had committed whoredom with the Moabitish women. A brief account of the betrayal and attempts to curse Israel by the false prophet Balaam is recounted. Also his slaying by Israel is here mentioned. Presumably he was dwelling in this region after Balak had hired him to curse the people of God. The conquered lands in the north extended to the Sea of Galilee. As a tribe Manasseh received the wooded hill country where the famous oaks of Bashan grew. This had been part of the giant Og's kingdom.
Isaiah 17 is a prophecy about Damascus, the Syrian capital of that time and still so today. Damascus is called by historians the oldest continuously inhabited city on the planet. Isaiah speaks of that city being totally destroyed and left without inhabitants. This prophecy is to be fulfilled in the near future. Exactly how we know not as it is not revealed to us. The time of desolation, says the prophecy, will occur at a time when Israel is in great trouble. Israel will be so devastated the prophet says that the population will be like the remnants of the grapes after their harvesting. Verses 7-8 say that the nation of Israel will in their time of distress look for aid from their Maker.
Verses 9-11 explains the reasons for this calamity overtaking them. Verse 12 tells us that arrayed against the people of God will be a vast confederacy of nations (this sounds like Armageddon). Verses 13-14 describe the outpouring of the Almighty's anger so that the enemy become as chaff driven by the wind,
Isaiah 18 is a prophecy against Cush, a once mighty empire to the south of Egypt. Daniel 11 and Ezekiel 38 say that this region will be affected by the invasion of the great northern army. The prophecy tells us that the LORD God Almighty will ensure that these proud lands experience judgment at His hands. This will precede the establishment of Messiah's glorious rule from Jerusalem - the holy Mount Zion.
The warnings against "perilous times" coming in'the last days', are recorded in 2 Timothy 3 for us. The word "perilous" means "difficult to endure", or "hard to bare". What will make those times difficult for believers? The answer is that the majority of believers will be so self indulged that they have become indifferent to the need for godliness - in word they will profess to be the servants of the Almighty, but their actions deny that this is of great import to them. Those having this attitude will destabilise some who have a semblance of religion just like the two Egyptian magicians - Jannes and Jambres - who through smoke and mirror tricks seemed to be able to copy the signs that Moses did before Pharaoh. The folly of those charlatans was seen by all. Paul says that such people profess to be religious but are totally immoral and aim to seduce women who are naive. In verses 10-17 Paul tells of his example to all of how he has lived his life which shows him to be a true and faithful follower of the Lord Jesus Christ. The Apostle speaks of the stoning he endured at Lystra. That spectacle had been witnessed by and impressed upon young Timothy (I believe that Paul actually died and was raised on that occasion). Persecution and suffering for the faith will always be the lot of the faithful believers. So Timothy must continue to be steadfast and adhere to the Word of God which has been breathed out ie expired by our God to inspire His servants to follow faithfully. The teachings and lives of disciples must be seen to be the lives of those who know that they belong, not to this world, but to their returning Lord, whose kingdom nears. Chapter 4 begins with the solemn responsibility to keep preaching regardless of the consequences; and knowing that people will prefer fables that will reassure them in what they are wanting to hear. At the Lord's coming the living believers, and those who have died knowing what God required of them, will be judged. The faithful will be rewarded in that longed for kingdom. Paul's fight has finally finished. The Apostle's race has been race run and he himself is ready to be poured out as a drink offering. Paul assures his son in the faith that he has kept the faith and that there will be, for him, a crown (stephanos - the laurel wreath given to the Victor) of (not for) righteousness. That crown will be (v1) at the day of Christ's coming and of his kingdom. That crown will not be Paul's alone but it will be given to all those who expectantly LOVE the appearance of our Lord Jesus Christ. Verses 9-18 speak of personal instructions. The Apostle finds himself alone with Luke, the beloved doctor. At this dangerous time others had found reasons to be elsewhere. These verses provide snippets which help us to trace Paul's final movements before his arrest in Ephesus. The aged Apostle is cold and poorly clothed. He lacks the Scriptural scrolls which he loves and requests that they be brought to him. The roaring lion (the mad Roman Emperor Nero) stands ready to devour Paul. Nero actually did put on the skins of wild animals and with their claws tore many of his victims - often they were faithful disciples in Christ - to shreds. Nonetheless Paul is confident that, although knowing he will now die, he is still nonetheless being delivered by God for the coming kingdom. The letter ends with final greetings.
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Joshua 12 records Israel's conquests to this point of their history. Most of the major victories had occurred so that the tribes were left to mop up the remaining Canaanites from the land to secure their allotted inheritance. Verses 1-6 records the victories under Moses on the eastern side of the river Jordan. Verses 7-21 speak of the thirty one kings defeated by Joshua west of the Jordan. The land was now ready for each tribe to take their own allotted portion.
Isaiah 16 is a prophecy about a time that is soon to come in the Middle East when the northern confederacy, headed by Rosh, invades this region in order to pour out its fury against Israel. That will be the time of Armageddon spoken of in Ezekiel 38, Joel 3, Zechariah 14 and Revelation 16. The Lord Jesus Christ will liberate Moab and Ammon as a preparation for their reception of the fleeing Jews with open arms. Those outcasts will be protected by these Arab peoples at the time of Israel's great extremity - called by Jeremiah "the time of Jacob's trouble". The Jewish people describe this perilous time as - 'the dire straits'. This time will be just prior to the Lord Jesus Christ's taking of his kingdom. It will be the era of the Arabs acceptance of Jesus and their becoming believers in the Messiah, the Saviour of the world. Verse 4 says that at this time the oppressor will be vanquished. Verse 5 speaks of the establishing of Christ's throne in "stedfast love" (chesed), faithfulness and justice. Verses 6-11 tell of the arrogance of Moab and the terrible judgments that awaited that nation because of this. The chief cities and magnificent places of Moab would be destroyed by the coming oppressor. However after Moab's humiliation and submission to Messiah, Moab will eventually be accepted. Within three years of Isaiah speaking this prophecy Moab was brought low. The fulfilment of this prophecy establishes Isaiah's credentials as a prophet of Yahweh.
In chapter 2 of 2 Timothy we are told of the Apostle Paul passing on the baton, of faithful stewardship in the Truth, to Timothy his own true son in the faith. Paul also passes on the responsibility of the charge that Timothy, in turn, must find faithful stewards for the safeguarding of our hope. The Apostle gives three examples of patient endurance in hardship - the soldier must do as commanded; the athlete must abide by the rules to receive the wreath and avoid disqualification; the farmer cannot eat of the crop without first labouring to produce it. And although, says the Apostle, I am a bound prisoner, the Word of God cannot be bound. Furthermore Jesus Christ is the true and resurrected seed of David. Verses 11-13 give the fourth faithful saying (or "word" as the Greek for 'saying' indicates.) Read aloud, pause and ponder. The results of suffering with Christ remains true whether or not we stay faithful to the calling. This is because faithfulness is a certainty for God and His Son. A workman of God must show diligence and application to the harmonious teaching of the Word of God (v15). But Timothy must also shun the shallow and false teachers, whose words make shipwreck of faith. The specific teachings of Hymenaeus and Philetus were to say that there would be no future resurrection - perhaps they had been corrupted by the pagan Greek philosophy of the immortality of the soul. In verse 19 the Apostle twice cites the Old Testament - 1) "God's firm foundation stands, bearing this seal, 'The Lord knows who are his'" (ESV); and, 2) "Let everyone who names the name of the Lord depart from iniquity" (ESV). The Almighty has vessels suitable for humble purposes and also for grander occasions. Timothy is counselled to flee youthful passions; and rather to earnestly pursue (Greek - as though hunting a hostile enemy that must be destroyed cp Psalm 34:14; where the Hebrew word "pursue" is of identical meaning) righteousness, faith, love and peace together with all similar purehearted believers. Timothy must the utmost patience to all in the hope that God might cause even those who are contentious to acknowledge (Greek 'epignosis' - knowledge which impels correct action) the Truth.
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Joshua 11 says that the defeat of the southern Canaanites stirred the northern nations into a uniting to go against Israel and finally crush the increasing menace that a snowball may gather momentum and confidence from every victory. The united enemy proceeded south to enter into a life and death struggle with Israel. Israel's force is described as being in number as the sand by the seashore. The description which is used of Israel in Genesis 22 and by Balaam in his prophecies against the people of the LORD. The language is repeated frequently in the Scriptures. Battle was started by the waters of Merom. Joshua was assured by Yahweh that despite the numerical superiority of the enemy He would deliver them into Israel's hand. Israel pursued the mighty army which fled from them until they were utterly destroyed. All the chariot horses were hamstrung to render them useless in battle. Verses 10-15 describe the destruction of Hazor and other northern cities. Verses 16-20 say that none of the Canaanites from the north to the Negev in the south all opposed Israel and were exterminated except for the Gibeonites. Verses 21-22 tell us that all major opposition was extinguished leaving Israel with the task of mopping up the Canaanitish remnants and the apportioning of the Promised Land to the tribes. Only some of the giants, or Anakim and the coastal plain of Philistia survived this onslaught.
Isaiah 15 is described as an oracle, or prophetic word, concerning Moab. It foretells the destruction of Kir, the chief city, in a single night. It also forecasts the overthrowing of Moab's priests, its gods and the nation's worship. The people would be clothed in sackcloth as a recognition of their misery and mourning of Moab's devastated state. As they attempted to flee the Moabites were surrounded by scenes of horror and bloodshed.
2 Timothy is the last letter the Apostle Paul writes. The Apostle has been hunted throughout the Roman world as a criminal, and then taken to Rome and placed in a cold dark cell awaiting execution by beheading. The year is 63-64 AD. The fire which destroys half of the buildings in Rome was blamed on the Christians by Nero; and Paul as a recognised ringleader of the hated sect is to be made the chief scapegoat. The introduction to this letter additionally contains the greeting of mercy (to grace and peace) which start all the letters before the Apostle's second imprisonment; excepting Philemon which is a personal letter. As one gets older one becomes even more conscious of the need for Divine mercy - for without it we are all doomed. The words of this letter are Paul's last and chosen very carefully to warn and advise. The first great charge was to safeguard the deposit of the sound teachings which were believed. Timothy's love of the truth goes back to his mother and grandmother (Lois and Eunice). Timothy had been given the gift of prophecy by the laying on of the hands of the elders. Paul encourages this faithful young man to stir up that gift and to be invigorated to enthusiastically testify as to what Timothy knew to be true. What a hope he has embraced and he stands unshakable in his conviction that, "Jesus Christ had abolished death and brought life (Zoe) and immortality (deathlessness) to light through the gospel" (v10). Timothy is exhorted to follow the great example of faith and love that had been lived out and constantly exhibited by Paul. The Apostle says that he has fathered Timothy in the gospel. Sadly in Paul's time of needing support he is abandoned by many. Paul names two in particular - Phygellus and Hermogenes - as foremost in his abandonment. But he commends Onesiphorus, who appears to have been killed for his going to Rome to aid the aged and suffering Apostle.
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Joshua 10 verses 1-5 tells of the response of Adoni-Zedek king of Jerusalem to the treaty that the Gibeonites had made with Israel. He was fearful since Gibeon was a major and royal city. He sent word to the Kings of Hebron, Jarmuth, Lachish and Eglon to confederate with him to destroy the Gibeonites. Verse 6 tells of Gibeon's plea to Israel for help against the attacking troop. Verse 7 tells that Joshua immediately mustered Israel's army. In verses 8-9 Yahweh instructs Joshua to make a swift surprise attack against the enemy. Verses 10-11 tell of the LORD sending panic on the aggressors and the smiting of many of them with great stones falling on their enemies. Joshua appealed for the Almighty to command the sun and moon to stand still in order for there to sufficient time to destroy their enemies. The record says that this happened for an entire day. It became legendary that Israel's Sovereign responded to the voice of a man - Joshua. After their magnificent and miraculous victory Joshua and Israel return to their camp at Gilgal. The 5 confederate kings fled and hid in a cave at Makkedah. They were trapped in the cave until Israel's army had pursued and destroyed the remnants of this Canaanite army. Then these kings were placed on the ground and the elders of Israel were commanded to put their feet on the necks of these kings. This was showing the principle revealed in Genesis 3 verses 15; 22 verses 17. The 5 kings were executed by hanging each of them on their own tree signifying that they were cursed by the Almighty - Galatians 3 verses 13. Verses 29-41 speak of the destruction of all the southern kingdoms in one campaign. Before returning to Gilgal and resting.
Isaiah 14 continues to tell us of Babylon's humiliation at the hand of the Almighty. This chapter is misused by many churches who mistakenly think it is about a supernatural devil. A careful reading of the chapter very soon allows us to see that this is a false view. Verse 4 tells us that the following words are a taunt against the king of Babylon. He is described as: joining all other fallen kings (verse 9); being like those that he had oppressed (verse 10); the dwelling place of worms and maggots (verse 11); the one who had destroyed nations (verse 12); the man who made the earth tremble (verse 16) etc. Yes there is a lot of figurative language used, but these metaphors are all consistent with Biblical language and of the mighty man to which they were applied. Important trees speak of mighty men. As well as being a mighty noble man the king of Babylon is termed "lucifer" is a common noun. In the AV and termed "day star" (ie the planet Venus) in the ESV. If he says in verse 13 that he will ascend to heaven it tells us that he was not always there. He was a common man who became king. Compare this terminology with Revelation 11 verses 12. Isaiah 14 verses 13-14 speak of the king of Babylon's determination to conquer Jerusalem. But God would judge the proud king and his dominion and lay them low putting Babylon's sovereign into Sheol, hell, the grave - all the same Hebrew word for these descriptors. Verses 20-23 tell us that this will be the common fate for all oppressors. Verses 20-27 tell of prophecies relating to Assyria. And that it cannot fall because the Almighty has determined it. Verses 28-31 pronounce the LORD's judgments on the Philistines. And again we are reminded that this justice cannot be prevented because Yahweh Israel's king in Zion has decided it.
1 Timothy 6 says that servants must honourably bare the responsibility of faithful service. The chapter next sounds a warning against false teachers and this is followed by one of the greatest, and possibly the hardest, lesson to learn - ie that godliness with contentment is the greatest profit a believer can have in life. We can take nothing with us when we die. All that is important is the legacy that the Almighty sees - a life of devotion to Him and service to others - a life rich in good works. To pursue any other course is a guarantee of frustration and sorrow (just as Balaam found out). Verse 10 tells us, "the love of money" (Greek "philaguros" - literally "lover of silver" which has in Greek the numeric value of 666) is 'a root of all kinds of evil'. In verses 11-16 Timothy (and each believer) is urged to fight the fight of faith following the example of the Lord Jesus Christ, who gave a faithful witness before Pontius Pilate - costing our Lord Jesus his life. Jesus will, on his return to earth, set up the glorious kingdom of God demonstrating the power and honour of the King Invisible (God the Almighty Father) and the benefits that will come to those who live life by this guide. The letter concludes with a reminder to safeguard the deposit which had been committed to Timothy and a charge to the rich to avoid pride. The rich are counselled to use their God given resources to benefit others (the lesson being based on the life of Hezekiah cp
2 Kings 20 verses 12-16). Let us learn godliness with contentment; richness in faith and loving works to others - pause and ponder.
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Joshua tells of the great Gibeonite deception. The Gibeonites become exceptionally fearful after the fall of the two walled fortresses of Jericho and Ai. They take counsel among their elders to plan a survival strategy. These Amorites also were a significant clan. The strategy revolves around the sending of ambassadors, who will appear to have travelled from a far country. The clothes and provisions of these emissaries together with their crafty talk will hopefully beguile the Israelites and allow them to offer terms of peace. When the Gibeonites come and discuss the purpose of their visit ie to acknowledge the greatness of Yahweh, Israel's God, the elders of Israel were deceived. A treaty between the two nations is signed without taking counsel from God. Three days later Israel discovers the deception and find themselves in a quandary. The Gibeonites are near neighbours of Israel. They have sworn an oath to wipe out all of the Canaanites and at the same time they have made a covenant of peace with the Amorites of Gibeon. Some of the congregation are angry with the elders of Israel and want to destroy the deceiving Amorites. God tells Joshua that they must not do this. Joshua counsels Israel to make the Gibeonites servants to the nation - cutters of wood and drawers of water. Despite the deception of these people subsequent history shows them to be among the most faithful people of the land in their association with Israel's God. The become the Nethinim who are later given by the LORD to aid the Levites. And while in Babylonian captivity the faith of many of these men and women is preserved. They made up a great proportion of the exiles who returned to Israel after the 70 years' captivity.
From chapters 13-39 of Isaiah's prophecy there is an historical focus on Judah's neighbouring nations. Chapters 13-14 tell of judgments on Babylon.
Verses 1-16 describe in graphic detail the punishments that were to fall upon this guilty nation. These judgments are described as the day of Yahweh, as the vengeance of His temple (in Jeremiah). The LORD was mustering among the nations a force that would carry out His vengeance upon Babylon. The horrific acts of this avenging army are told in these verses. It would humble that proud empire. They would be left no place for escape and would feel like a fleeing gazelle pursued by her hunters.
Verses 17-18 tell us that the coalition headed by the Medes was the principal instrument that the Almighty was to use. How remarkably accurate is our Sovereign's prophetic Word. Verses 19-22 tell us the vast devastation that would occur when Babylon is overthrown. It was to be a howling wilderness inhabited by the wild beasts. To the Arabians it was to become a cursed and desolate place.
1 Timothy 4 commences with signposts which mark out the coming departure from true teachings - 1) a belief in evil and deceitful spirits; 2) a celibate clergy forbidden marriage; 3) the refraining from eating certain foods ie meat on Fridays and during Lent leading up to Easter - all foods are for our eating as long as we have offered a prayer of thanksgiving before eating. In verses 6-10 we have the third faithful saying, "bodily exercise is of some value, but godliness Greek "eusebia") is profitable in every way, benefiting present daily life, and offering the hope of eternal life in the kingdom of our Lord Jesus Christ". It is essential that believers be reminded of the necessity to be pure in thought, word and action. Such diligence will save both the teacher and the hearer alike. In chapter 5 we are told the type of respect to be shown to elderly believers. Next follows instructions on the proper treatment of widows. It tells families to show their commitment and care for the widows before requesting aid from the ecclesia. However, widows whose faith and actions stand as a witness to their commitment to Christ Jesus and His Father should be supported in their needs. Older members of the flock of God who have diligently proclaimed the Word of God must be honoured (compare Hebrews 13 verses 7, 17). Those whose words and actions show a failure to continue in the beliefs and behaviour of the Truth are to be openly rebuked. Be careful in the choice of those commissioned to faithful service. Timothy should drink wine moderately for reasons of health. Sometimes the faithfulness of some believers is evident; and sometimes the wrongdoing of believers is seen. But not always. Beware of hypocrisy, but be assured it will be unmasked in the kingdom of our Lord Jesus Christ.
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Joshua 8 tells of the strategy in the taking of Ai and the events that led up to this conquest. After the shameful defeat of chapter 7 Joshua is encouraged to return and take the city by surprise by using an ambush and pincer movement to encircle and trap the Amorite army. Thirty thousand men remained silent and hidden in thickets near Ai while Joshua and the bulk of the army made a front line attack against the city. The army pretended to be in panic and lured the Amorites from the city which was then smitten while the Amorites were pursuing Israel. The occupiers of the city than came out against the Amorite army and Joshua stretched out his spear, when the LORD said that the moment was right, and the fleeing Israelites turned to encircle the enemy and destroy them. The entire populace of Ai was destroyed and their livestock taken by Israel as spoil. The city was burned by fire and then buried under a heap of stones.
Verses 30-35 describes Joshua taking Israel to Shechem, building the altar of Yahweh on Mount Ebal, offering sacrifices, writing on plastered stones the blessings and curses from the book of Deuteronomy and pronouncing these blessings and curses on each of the six tribes on Ebal - for curses - and blessings on the six tribes on Mount Gerazim. Both natural Israelites and the strangers in their midst assented to the words of the covenant.
Isaiah 12 talks of the LORD being the prophet's song and salvation. In these words we have an echo of the Song of Moses in which Miriam led the maidens of Israel in Exodus 15. The theme of the chapter is stated in verse 2 with the LORD being worthy of praise because He has saved them by His mighty arm. The words of verse 4 were sung during the Feast of Dedication referred to in John 7 verses 37-39. The Lord Jesus himself was to be that source of salvation. When our Lord's side was pierced by a Roman spear at the time of his crucifixion this sign of the water and the blood became a token of that salvation -
John 19 verses 31-35 and 1 John 5 verses 6-8. Isaiah 12 verses 4-6 tell of the praising of the Almighty Sovereign of the faithful. The mighty redemptive work of the Father lived out in the life of His Son is a reason for extolling God Almighty. All nations of the earth will acknowledge Yahweh's great salvation during Christ's millennial rule. The God of Zion will be praised as His Holy One, Jesus, reigns over all the earth from Jerusalem.
The personal letter of Paul to his son in the faith, Timothy, is written from Rome during the Apostle Paul's first imprisonment (during his house arrest of two years) between 61-63 AD. The standard greeting of the Greeks "charis" - "grace"; and of the Hebrews, "shalom" - "peace", or "wholeness"; begin the letter. Verses 3-11 warn against false teachers. The Apostle starts with genealogies because the false teachers were asserting to their hearers the importance which they placed on their own lineage. Law is a necessity for humans are, by weakness and choice, sinners. From verses 12-17 the Apostle Paul states the first of five faithful sayings, written in the pastoral letters of 1 and 2 Timothy; and Titus. The first of these sayings is that "Jesus Christ came into the world to save sinners". Paul acknowledges that he is one of the foremost in this category; because he persecuted believers. In verses 18-20 Timothy is entrusted with the "charge" - Greek "deposit" ie solemn responsibility - to oppose false teachers and their teachings. In chapter 2:1-6 Timothy is told to pray for all people so that believers may be allowed to worship God in peace. Paul states that God is the Father alone. He further adds that the Lord Jesus Christ is the Son of the Father, whose offering of himself brings believers to God. From verses 8-15 there are explanations about the right way to worship God. These include sincere prayer from dedicated believers; modesty in all aspects of appearance - avoiding drawing attention to oneself in the wearing of jewellery and in the wearing of immodest clothing. The Apostle says that in the meetings of believers that sisters acknowledge their God appointed roles by the wearing of a head covering and by allowing the men to teach. Nonetheless the sisters bearing of children is fulfilling (if by circumstances they are able) a God given role. A sister, Mary, gave birth to our Saviour. In chapter 3:1 the Apostle gives the second faithful saying, "those aspiring to guiding believers have chosen a noble path". Verses 2-7 speak of the qualifications for an overseer (bishop), or guide of believers. Verses 8-13 outline the requirements for deacons (assistant guides for believers). Verses 14-16 talk about God and contain the great truth of the gospel that Jesus Christ is the pillar and foundation of the temple of faithful believers. Christ has revealed to all believers the character and traits of our Sovereign Father. Pivotal to understanding the gospel is a grasp of the doctrine of God manifestation.God was revealed in Christ who has revealed the character and attributes of his Father. Having done that, the Father then welcomes His Son to join Him in heaven. It seems that the Apostle Paul's thoughts may be based on Daniel 6:19-26. Read aloud, pause and ponder.
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Joshua 7 tells of Israel's first military defeat and the reason it happened. All was not well in the camp of Israel, though only a few knew of this. The next city that is to be conquered was Ai, another powerful walled fortress. So remarkably easy was the fall of Jericho that a sense of self confidence was developing within Israel. The elders of the nation saw no necessity for all the army to attack Ai. Let a few thousand men go up they said. And they were soundly beaten on their first attempt. Joshua takes the matter to the Almighty in prayer and is told of the cause of the problem. Israel's covetousness. For although only one man, Achan had taken spoil from the devoted goods, the whole nation had wanted to. Early the next morning Joshua rose and lots were cast to see who was responsible for the military defeat. Achan was chosen by the casting of lots and asked by Joshua to confess his sin. As Achan describes what he had done we see the classic pattern of sin - seeing, desiring and taking - this was the problem in Genesis chapters 3 and 13. 1 John 2:15-17 tells us this. Slowly read these verses aloud. Pause and ponder what we are taught about our desires and their outcomes due to our covetous ways, in Joshua 7 verse 19 Achan is called upon to acknowledge his sin before God. We too must do the same if we are to find forgiveness 1 John 1 verses 7-10. James 1verses 14-15 says that this is the problem each of us has After Achan tells of his sin messengers are sent to his tent to find the stolen property. Notice that these goods were hidden in the earth. This too will become the fate of all who act as though the LORD can be deceived. The entire assembly is called to stone him to death and heap over his carcass and those carcasses of his guilty family together with their livestock a heap of memorial stones. However in the future the valley of Achor, where these events occurred will become for the nation a door of hope as Hosea 2 verse 15 says (Peta Tikvah - the poem concerning Israel's Hope was written based on this and other verses in 1883. Later the song Ha Tikva was composed in 1897 and became Israel's national anthem on May 14th, 1948).
Isaiah 11 is a masterpiece of Scripture which describes some of the characteristics that the Almighty both gave to and cultivated within His Son as part of the enabling of the sinlessness of our Lord Jesus Christ. Verse 1 tells that our Lord's origins were divine - Micah 5 verse 2 "goings forth .. are from everlasting". The Hebrew meaning of "going forth" speaks of Christ's ancestry is eternal. The same idea is conveyed in our Lord's own words - Revelation 22:16. Verses 2-4 speak of the capacities that Jesus' divine begettal played in equipping Messiah for his work in conquering sin. God's spirit was upon His Son from the time of Jesus' conception until his death. At the age of 30 that Spirit was given to him without a limit. It gave Jesus the capacity to develop a quick and perceptive mind. It also gave Jesus the capability to receive and understand his Father's Word beyond the capacity of any other member of the human race. Paul says that the Lord Jesus was, as the man of God, enabled to breathe in divine thoughts 2 Timothy 3 verses 15-17 and Isaiah 50 verses 4-10. He's was the Word of God developed in a mortal body - John 1 verses 14-18. Whilst we all too often make judgements on what we see and hear our Lord never did - John 2 verses 25. The Lord's judgment was unerring at all times. It was true and righteous. Verse 4 tells us that our Lord Jesus would uphold the cause of the poor and needy. These words accord with David's prophecy about Jesus in 2 Samuel 23 verses 1-7. And so Isaiah 11 verses 7-9 outline the peace, security and harmony in Messiah's kingdom. Ultimately the rule of Christ will see the filling of the earth with Yahweh's glory - both in understanding and by way of living. Verses 10-12 describe Messiah's role in the final regathering of Israel after his return.
In 2 Thessalonians 3 Paul asks for the believers' prayers that he might be helped to freely teach the gospel without hindrance. From verses 6-15 the Apostle urges the Macedonian faithful to keep working and avoiding idleness. Many had ceased working because they mistakenly thought that the coming of Jesus Christ was so close that they didn't need to work. Idle brothers had to learn to heed the advice contained in this letter. In the last two verses the Apostle Paul asks God to give the believers peace.
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